Waverly Hills Tuberculosis Hospital

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History

Waverly Hills Tuberculosis Hospital was constructed between 1908 and July 26, 1910, when it opened in a wood-framed, two-story building designed for 40 to 50 patients. ¹ By the early 1910s, with the spread of tuberculosis approaching epidemic proportions, the need for a larger, more permanent building was warranted. Waverly Hills was already grossly overcrowded with 140 patients.

Construction of a new 180,000 square-foot, four-story facility began in March 1924. ⁴ It opened on October 17, 1926, and featured separate patient rooms, sunrooms, modern laboratories, and recreational spaces with room for up to 400 patients. ¹

Tuberculosis, by 1938, was the leading cause of death in Kentucky, and the state had the highest death rate in the nation, partly because of a lack of facilities, a lack of consistent statewide funding for treatment, and a lack of long-term care options. ^{6 7 8} On average, 2,000 died from the disease each year.

Initial treatment for tuberculosis included fresh air daily, a diet high in ascorbic acid, vitamin A, and protein, and bed rest. ⁹ Later, pneumothorax treatments were developed that allowed the partial or complete collapse of a lung by the introduction of air into the pleural cavity, giving the lung a chance to rest and heal. Treatment times were shaved in half, from an average of 2oo days to 300 days per patient to an average of 90 days. ¹⁰

The development of the drug streptomycin led to a dramatic decline of tuberculosis rates and deaths in the United States. ⁵ Streptomycin was first isolated in October 1943 by Albert Schatz, a Ph.D. student in a laboratory at Rutgers University as part of a research project funded by Merck and Company. ^{11 12} The first randomized trial of streptomycin against pulmonary tuberculosis was carried out between 1946 and 1948 by the MRC Tuberculosis Research Unit and was widely accepted to be the first randomized curative trial. ¹³ The results showed efficacy against tuberculosis. ¹⁴

Waverly Hills, in 1950, had 373 patients, but it had dropped to 293 patients by 1960. ¹⁵ In 1962, when Waverly Hills Tuberculosis Hospital closed as a tuberculosis hospital and the remaining patients were transferred to Hazelwood. ⁶

In 1963, the former sanatorium reopened as the Woodhaven Geriatrics Center, a rest home for the elderly. It closed in 1981 when the remaining patients were transferred to Hazelwood Center.

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Post-Closure

On March 19, 1996, a non-profit ecumenical group announced plans to construct the world’s tallest statue of Jesus Christ after purchasing the abandoned Waverly Hills complex. ² The project was a collaboration between local sculpture Ed Hamilton, whose work included several prominent monuments, local businessman Robert Alberhasky, and local architect, Jasper Ward. The 150-foot statue, modeled after the 120-foot high Christ statue in Rio de Janeiro, was proposed to rest atop the old sanatorium. The building itself would be converted into an “arts and worship center” with a chapel, theater, and gift shop.

The cost of the statue was $4 million while the interior renovations were projected to cost between $8 million and $10 million. ² Donations from churches and individuals nationwide were expected to flow in, but by December 12, 1997, the statue plans were dropped after just $3,000 was donated. ³

In 2001, Charles and Tina Mattingly purchased Waverly Hills for $250,000. ⁴ The Mattingly’s began work to stabilize the hospital, which had been undermined by a previous owner. A new roof was installed on the buildings in 2007, followed by a sprinkler system and the installation of some windows.

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Gallery

First Floor

Second Floor

Fourth Floor

Fifth Floor and Roof

Laundry and Chute

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Further Reading

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Sources

1. “Basic Facts About Waverly.” Ron’s Official Waverly Hills Website. 2003. Ron.
2. “World tallest Christ statue planned for Waverly Hills.” Courier-Journal (Louisville) Mar. 1996: 1.
3. “Jesus statue ‘would take a miracle’.” Kentucky Post 12 Dec. 1997: 1.
4. Mateo, Darhiana M. “Owners saving sanatorium.” Courier-Journal (Louisville) 20 Dec. 2006.
5. “Paris, Bourbon County Welcome Tuberculosis Hospital.” Bourbon County Citizen [Paris], 15 Mar. 1989. p. 15.
6. United States, Congress, National Park Service, and Jenna Stout. “Kentucky State Tuberculosis Hospitals, 1946-1950.” MTSU Center for Historic Preservation, 2015. Listing.
7. Patterson, Malcolm. “New Commission to Manage 1st Major TB Program of Kentucky.” Courier-Journal[Louisville], 6 Apr. 1948, p. 4.
8. “Out for 3 Months Instead of 26, Today’s Tubercular Is In Luck.” Courier-Journal [Louisville], 20 Mar. 1938.
9. 50th Anniversary, Lawrence F. Flick State Hospital, 1963. Article.
10. Porter, Marion. “Hazelwood Sanatorium Addition Lacks Funds to Operate.” Courier-Journal [Louisville], 30 Apr. 1944, p. 13.
11. Comroe, J.H. Jr (1978). “Pay dirt: the story of streptomycin. Part I: from Waksman to Waksman.” American Review of Respiratory Disease. 117 (4): pp. 773–781.
12. Kingston, W (July 2004). “Streptomycin, Schatz v. Waksman, and the balance of credit for discovery.” J Hist Med Allied Sci. 59 (3): pp. 441–62.
13. Metcalfe NH (February 2011). “Sir Geoffrey Marshall (1887-1982): respiratory physician, catalyst for anaesthesia development, doctor to both Prime Minister and King, and World War I Barge Commander.” J Med Biogr. 19 (1): p. 10–4.
14. D’Arcy Hart P (August 1999). “A change in scientific approach: from alternation to randomised allocation in clinical trials in the 1940s.” British Medical Journal. 319 (7209): pp. 572–3.
15. “Jury Would Use Waverly Hills, Rather Than Hazelwood.” Courier-Journal [Louisville], 28 Jan. 1960, p. 10.